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Objective:To compare the short-term recovery and long-term prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer by laparoscopy and traditional open surgery.Methods:The clinical data of 86 patients with colon cancer treated by the Changshu NO.1 People′s Hospital from April 2017 to April 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different surgical methods, they were divided into observation group (laparoscopic radical resection of colon cancer, 41 cases) and the control group (traditional laparotomy underwent radical resection of colon cancer, 45 cases). The surgical indicators, short-term recovery, complications, serum anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory factor levels, and 3-year tumor-free survival rate between two groups were compared.Results:Compared with the control group, the observation group had less intraoperative blood loss and shorter hospital stay: (120.32 ± 32.43) ml vs. (178.43 ± 39.98) ml, (9.65 ± 2.17) d vs. (12.35) ± 2.68) d; the time to get out of bed for the first time, the time of anal exhaust and the time of eating semiliquid in the observation group were earlier: (2.10 ± 0.23) d vs. (3.03 ± 0.54) d, (3.45 ± 1.02) d vs. (4.29 ± 1.03) d, (4.54 ± 1.09) d vs. (5.30 ± 1.05) d, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group: 12.20% (5/41) vs. 31.11% (14/45), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 4.695, P<0.05). Serum interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group: (23.12 ± 6.09) μg/L vs. (31.05 ± 5.3) μg/L, (57.87 ± 10.6) μg/L vs. (62.43 ± 6.8) μg/L; serum IL-4 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β levels were higher than those in the control group: (155.03 ± 14.53) ng/L vs. (127.87 ± 12.09) ng/L, (26.32 ± 3.09) ng/L vs. (20.87 ± 3.87) ng/L, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the tumor-free survival rate between the two groups at 3-year after operation ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Laparoscopic treatment of colon cancer has the advantages of less trauma, fewer complications, and mild postoperative inflammatory reaction, and has a long-term prognosis comparable to traditional laparotomy.
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Buffaloes , Cells, Cultured , In Vitro Techniques , Primary Cell Culture , Stem Cells , TretinoinABSTRACT
Currently, the systems for culturing buffalo spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in vitro are varied, and their effects are still inconclusive. In this study, we compared the effects of culture systems with undefined (foetal bovine serum) and defined (KnockOut Serum Replacement) materials on the in vitro culture of buffalo SSC-like cells. Significantly more DDX4- and UCHL1-positive cells (cultured for 2 days at passage 2) were observed in the defined materials culture system than in the undefined materials system (p < 0.01), and these cells were maintained for a longer period than those in the culture system with undefined materials (10 days vs. 6 days). Furthermore, NANOS2 (p < 0.05), DDX4 (p < 0.01) and UCHL1 (p < 0.05) were expressed at significantly higher levels in the culture system with defined materials than in that with undefined materials. Induction with retinoic acid was used to verify that the cultured cells maintained SSC characteristics, revealing an SCP3⺠subset in the cells cultured in the defined materials system. The expression levels of Stra8 (p < 0.05) and Rec8 (p < 0.01) were significantly increased, and the expression levels of ZBTB16 (p < 0.01) and DDX4 (p < 0.05) were significantly decreased. These findings provided a clearer research platform for exploring the mechanism of buffalo SSCs in vitro.
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Objective:To investigate the effect and tolerance of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) with helmet in patients with respiratory failure caused by acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and the effect on improving blood gas, alleviating dyspnea and the occurrence of complications.Methods:Patients with AECOPD and respiratory failure admitted to emergency intensive care unit (EICU) and respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 1st, 2018 to May 31st, 2019 were enrolled. After obtaining the informed consent of the patients or their authorized family members, the patients were divided into two groups: the helmet group and the facial mask group by random number table. NIV was carried out by using helmet or facial mask, respectively. During the course of NIV (immediately, 1 hour, 4 hours and at the end of NIV), the tolerance score, blood gas analysis, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) of patients were monitored, and the incidence of tracheal intubation, in-hospital mortality and complications were observed. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was plotted to analyze the 30-day cumulative survival of the two groups.Results:A total of 82 patients with AECOPD and respiratory failure were included during the study period. After excluding patients with the oxygenation index (PaO 2/FiO 2) > 200 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa), with tracheal intubation or invasive ventilation, suffering from acute myocardial infarction, severe trauma within 2 weeks, excessive secretion, sputum discharge disorder or refusal to participate in the study, 26 patients were finally enrolled in the analysis, randomly assigned to the helmet group and the facial mask group, with 13 patients in each group. The PaO 2/FiO 2 after NIV of patients in both groups was increased significantly as compared with that immediately after NIV, without significant difference between the two groups, but the increase in PaO 2/FiO 2 at the end of NIV compared with immediately after NIV in the helmet group was significantly higher than that in the facial mask group (mmHg: 75.1±73.2 vs. 7.7±86.0, P < 0.05). RR at each time point after NIV in the two groups was lower than that immediately after NIV, especially in the helmet group. There were significant differences between the helmet group and facial mask group at 1 hour, 4 hours, and the end of NIV (times/min: 17.5±4.1 vs. 23.1±6.3 at 1 hour, 16.2±2.5 vs. 20.0±5.5 at 4 hours, 15.5±2.5 vs. 21.2±5.9 at the end of NIV, all P < 0.05). The NIV tolerance score of the helmet group at 4 hours and the end was significantly higher than that of the facial mask group (4 hours: 3.9±0.3 vs. 3.3±0.9, at the end of NIV: 3.8±0.6 vs. 2.9±0.9, both P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the improvement of pH value, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2), or HR between helmet group and facial mask group. The total number of complications (cases: 3 vs. 8) and the nasal skin lesions (cases: 0 vs. 4) in the helmet group were significantly less than those in the facial mask group (both P < 0.05). Only 2 patients in the helmet group received endotracheal intubation, and 1 of them died; 5 patients in the facial mask group received endotracheal intubation, and 3 of them died; there was no significant difference between the two groups (both P > 0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the cumulative survival rate of 30 days in the helmet group was lower than that in the facial mask group, but the difference was not statistically significant (Log-Rank test: χ 2 = 1.278, P = 0.258). Conclusion:NIV with helmet has better comfort for patients with AECOPD combined with respiratory failure, and better effect on improving oxygenation and relieving dyspnea, and its effect on carbon dioxide emissions is not inferior to that of traditional mask NIV.
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Objective To investigate the predictive value of extra pulmonary multiple factors including creatine kinase-isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) for the prognosis of patients with acute paraquat poisoning.Methods A retrospectively analysis were conducted on 641 patients who were treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University due to oral paraquat poisoning from October 2002 to April 2017.The observation end point was that the patients died from paraquat poisoning within 3 months after admission or were still alive within 3 months after paraquat poisoning.The patients' data were retrieved,including general information,the dose of poison,urinary paraquat concentration,arterial blood gas analysis,alanine transaminase (ALT),total bilirubin (TBIL),uric acid (UA),aspartate transaminase (AST),creatine kinase (CK),CK-MB,B type natriuretic peptide (BNP),lactic dehydrogenase (LDH),high sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT),C-reaction protein (CRP) and procaicitonin (PCT).According to the patient's prognosis within 3 months,the patients were divided into a survival group and a non-survival group.The above indicators were compared between the two groups and the diagnostic value of CK-MB for acute paraquat poisoning was analyzed according to the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve.Collect the last arterial blood gas analysis,and laboratory test results were analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis to determine the risk factors for death in patients with acute paraquat poisoning.Results Among the 641 patients with acute paraquat poisoning,315 (49.1％) patients survived and 326 (50.9％) died.Compared with the survival group,patients in the non-survival groupthere were older,had a shorter hospital stay,and had a higher oral paraquat dose and urinary paraquat concentration;Lac,TBIL,UA,AST,CK,CK-MB,BNP,LDH,CRP and PCT were higher,while blood gas analysis index were lower in the non-survival group (P＜0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the dose of paraquat,CK-MB and AST were closely related to the prognosis of patients with acute paraquat poisoning.The optimal cut-off value of ingestion dose,the first urinary paraquat concentration on admission and CK-MB in predicting the prognosis of patients with acute paraquat poisoning were 7 g (AUC=0.918,sensitivity 80.6％,specificity 87.5％,Yoden index 0.681,P＜0.01),5.16 μg/mL (AUC=0.879,sensitivity 93.8％,specificity 70.1％,Yoden index 0.639,P＜0.01),and 18.2 U/L (AUC=0.846,sensitivity 83.9％,specificity 71.9％,Yoden index 0.558,P＜0.01),respectively.Binary logistic regression analysis of the last biochemical indicators of paraquat poisoning showed that the dose of poison,the last CK-MB,the last SCr,urinary paraquat concentration,and the last blood Na+ were closely related to the prognosis of patients with acute paraquat poisoning.Among them,the last CK-MB＞18.05 U/L often indicated poor prognosis (AUC=0.808,sensitivity 79.7％,specificity 65.8％,Yoden index 0.455,P＜0.01).Conclusions In the treatment of patients with acute paraquat poisoning,there are significant differences in extra pulmonary factors such as heart,liver,kidney,electrolytes and inflammatory markers in patients with different prognosis,so the monitoring and follow-up should be improved,in addition to focusing on the presence and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.In particular,CK-MB is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of acute paraquat poisoning.In the late stage of poisoning,CK-MB,SCr,and blood Na+ have a strong predictive value for the prognosis of the patients,and we should pay attention to the regular follow-up of the above mentioned laboratory items.
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Currently, the systems for culturing buffalo spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in vitro are varied, and their effects are still inconclusive. In this study, we compared the effects of culture systems with undefined (foetal bovine serum) and defined (KnockOut Serum Replacement) materials on the in vitro culture of buffalo SSC-like cells. Significantly more DDX4- and UCHL1-positive cells (cultured for 2 days at passage 2) were observed in the defined materials culture system than in the undefined materials system (p < 0.01), and these cells were maintained for a longer period than those in the culture system with undefined materials (10 days vs. 6 days). Furthermore, NANOS2 (p < 0.05), DDX4 (p < 0.01) and UCHL1 (p < 0.05) were expressed at significantly higher levels in the culture system with defined materials than in that with undefined materials. Induction with retinoic acid was used to verify that the cultured cells maintained SSC characteristics, revealing an SCP3⺠subset in the cells cultured in the defined materials system. The expression levels of Stra8 (p < 0.05) and Rec8 (p < 0.01) were significantly increased, and the expression levels of ZBTB16 (p < 0.01) and DDX4 (p < 0.05) were significantly decreased. These findings provided a clearer research platform for exploring the mechanism of buffalo SSCs in vitro.
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Objective@#The aging model of guinea pigs induced by D-galactose was set up to investigate the changes of BKCa expression and function on cochlear pericytes and their relationship with age-related hearing loss.@*Methods@#Thirty healthy 8-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups, with 10 in each group: D-galactose aging model group, subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (500 mg/kg) daily for 6 weeks; saline control group, the same amount of saline was injected into the neck of the aging model group for 6 weeks; the blank control group, no treatment was performed. The threshold of auditory brainstem response (ABR) was detected. The content of BKCa in the perivascular cells of the guinea pig cochlear cells was detected by immunofluorescence technique. The changes of peripheral current density and BKCa current were detected by patch clamp technique. The data were analyzed by GraphPad Prism software.@*Results@#Compared with the saline group and the control group, the ABR threshold and the amplitude of the wave I were significantly decreased in the aging model group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the expression of BKCa in the vascular pericytes of guinea pigs in the aging model group was significantly reduced (1.00±0.08 vs 0.27±0.03,the difference was statistically significant P<0.01), and the cell current density and BKCa net current value were also significantly reduced with statistically significant (P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#D-galactose can successfully induce guinea pig aging model, in which BKCa expression decreases and net current value decreases in pericytes of cochlear striavascularis, and changes in BKCa expression and function may be related to age-related hearing loss.
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Objective: Screening a plant medicine containing spermidine to promote the fermentation of pingyangmycin (PYM). Methods: Based on the screening method of carbon and nitrogen sources in biological fermentation, the plant medicine with the best promotion effect on PYM was screened out by HPLC method in Lycium ruthenicum, Lycium barbarum, Lycium barbarum bud, Carthamus tinctorius, and Coicis Semen. And the best adding time, amount and frequency were also screened out. Results: The results showed that Lycium barbarum bud had the best effect on PYM fermentation, and the initial adding time was 24 h, the adding interval was 24 h, and the adding frequency was three times. The shaking bottle fermentation level was 21.3 μg/mL when the addition amount was 7 g/L/per batch, and the 25 L tank fermentation level was 37.5 μg/mL when the addition amount was 18 g/L/per batch, which increased by 23.8% and 118.0%, respectively. Compared with the addition of spermidine, the yield was increased by 45.3%. Conclusion: Most plant drugs containing spermidine can promote the fermentation of pingyangmycin, and the selection of Lycium barbarum bud as raw materials for pingyangmycin fermentation meets the production requirements in terms of cost, yield and environmental protection.
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Acute severe ammonia inhalation can seriously affect oxygenation and ventilation function of patients, and even cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) technology is increasingly used in treating patients with ARDS caused by infection, cardiogenic shock, trauma, and drowning with achieved certain effects, but its usage for ARDS caused by ammonia is rarely reported. On July 7, 2018, a case of ARDS caused by ammonia inhalation was admitted to the emergency ICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. After admission, the patient was treated with ECMO immediately on the basis of anti-infection, anti-oxidation, suctioning and nebulization treatments. After 8 days, he was weaned from ECMO and transferred to a general ward for continued rehabilitation. After 23 days, his condition improved and was discharged without complaining of any discomfort during the follow-up till March 2019. The successful experience was summarized in order to provide reference for the treatment of such patients in the future.
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Acute severe ammonia inhalation can seriously affect oxygenation and ventilation function of patients, and even cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) technology is increasingly used in treating patients with ARDS caused by infection, cardiogenic shock, trauma, and drowning with achieved certain effects, but its usage for ARDS caused by ammonia is rarely reported. On July 7, 2018, a case of ARDS caused by ammonia inhalation was admitted to the emergency ICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. After admission, the patient was treated with ECMO immediately on the basis of anti-infection, anti-oxidation, suctioning and nebulization treatments. After 8 days, he was weaned from ECMO and transferred to a general ward for continued rehabilitation. After 23 days, his condition improved and was discharged without complaining of any discomfort during the follow-up till March 2019. The successful experience was summarized in order to provide reference for the treatment of such patients in the future.
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Biological neural networks have dual properties of small-world attributes and scale-free attributes. Most of the current researches on neural networks are based on small-world networks or scale-free networks with lower clustering coefficient, however, the real brain network is a scale-free network with small-world attributes. In this paper, a scale-free spiking neural network with high clustering coefficient and small-world attribute was constructed. The dynamic evolution process was analyzed from three aspects: synaptic regulation process, firing characteristics and complex network characteristics. The experimental results show that, as time goes by, the synaptic strength gradually decreases and tends to be stable. As a result, the connection strength of the network decreases and tends to be stable; the firing rate of neurons gradually decreases and tends to be stable, and the synchronization becomes worse; the local information transmission efficiency is stable, the global information transmission efficiency is reduced and tends to be stable, and the small-world attributes are relatively stable. The dynamic characteristics vary with time and interact with each other. The regulation of synapses is based on the firing time of neurons, and the regulation of synapses will affect the firing of neurons and complex characteristics of networks. In this paper, a scale-free spiking neural network was constructed, which has biological authenticity. It lays a foundation for the research of artificial neural network and its engineering application.
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Action Potentials , Models, Neurological , Neural Networks, Computer , Neuronal Plasticity , SynapsesABSTRACT
Hyoscyamine and scopolamine are two main alkaloids in Atropa belladonna with great medicinal value. In this paper, the contents of hyoscyamine and scopolamine, the upstream products in alkaloid synthesis, and the expression levels of key enzyme genes PMT, TRⅠ and H6H in secondary metabolism of A. belladonna seedlings were measured to clarify the mechanism of nitrogen forms regulating alkaloids synthesis.The results showed that the 50/50 (NH⁺₄/NO⁻₃) treatment was more favorable for the accumulation of alkaloids and the conversion of hyoscyamine to scopolamine. The content of putrescine was almost consistent with the change of key enzymes activities in the synthesis of putrescine, they both increased with the rise of ammonium ratio, reaching the highest at 75/25 (NH⁺₄/NO⁻₃). The detection of signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) showed that the NO concentration decreased with the decrease of nitrate proportion. Further detection of gene expression levels of PMT, TRⅠ and H6H in TAs synthesis pathway showed that a certain amount of ammonium promoted the expression of PMT and H6H in roots. When the ratio of ammonium to nitrate was 50/50, PMT, TRⅠ and H6H in leaves and roots had higher expression levels. It can be speculated that the regulation of the formation of hyoscyamine to scopolamine by nitrogen forms mainly through affecting the expression of key enzyme genes. 50/50 (NH⁺₄/NO⁻₃) treatment increased the gene expression of TRⅠ in both leaves and roots as well as PMT and H6H in roots, promoting the synthesis of putrescine to hyoscyamine and the conversion of hyoscyamine to scopolamine.
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Atropa belladonna , Genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Hyoscyamine , Mixed Function Oxygenases , Nitrogen , Metabolism , Scopolamine , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of 3.0T MR high field high-b-value diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in prostate cancer (PCa) and to analyze its correlation with Gleason classification.Methods A total of 78 cases proved by operation and pathology were collected,including 41 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) and 37 cases of PCa.PCa patients were classified according to postoperative pathological scores,and their correlation with ADC values was analyzed subsequently.Parameter scanning was performed in all patients by using Philps 3.0T MR with b value at 0 s/mm2,1 000 s/mm2 and 1 500 s/mm2.The signal intensity and ADC value of PCa and BPH were compared under two kinds of high-b-values,and the correlation between ADC value and Gleason classification was analyzed.Results It was found that the specificity and accuracy of T2WI combined with b value of 1 500 s/mm2 were higher than these of T2WI combined with b value of 1 000 s/mm2 for the diagnosis of PCa.The ranking result of ADC value corresponding to Gleason score of PCa after operation was:2-4 points ＞ 5-6 points ＞7 points ＞ 8-10 points.Besides,the ADC value of the corresponding lesion with b value of 1 500 s/mm2 was lower than that with b value of 1 000 s/mm2,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion High field high-b-value DWI combined with T2WI is of high value in differential diagnosis of PCa and BPH,and the specificity and accuracy of PCa and BPH improve obviously with the increase of the b value.Additionally,the ADC value is negatively correlated with the Gleason score.
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Objective To establish an acute yunaconitine poisoning rat model with a single oral administration and to determine the contents of yunaconitine in rat tissues by UPLC-MS/MS method, then investigate the distribution of yunaconitine in rats. Method The rats were randomly divided into three groups and were intragastrically administered a single dose of 2.2mg/kg,1.1mg/kg,0.7mg/kg yunaconitine, respectively.. The rats were killed 2h later, the stomach tissue, intestine tissue, liver tissue, pancreas tissue, kidney tissue, lung tissue, spleen tissue, heart tissue, bladder tissue, testis tissue, brain tissue and heart blood samples were collected. The contents of yunaconitine in the biological materials were determined by UPLC-MS/MS method after the biological samples extracted by liquid-liquid extraction. Result A rat model of the yunaconitine poisoning was made with a single dose of 1.1mg/kg, the concentrations of yunaconitine displayed in the organs with the following order:stomach, small intestine, liver, pancreas, kidney, lung, spleen, heart, bladder, testis, heart blood and brain. Conclusion Yunaconitine was widely distributed in rats, especially the levels in the stomach, small intestine and liver were the highest. The conclusion provides a basis for the selection of test materials for the poisoning of Aconitum vilmorinianum Kom.
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This study was conducted to establish an in vitro 3D liver model and apply it to the drug liver toxicity evaluation. The 3D multicellular sphere model of HepaRG cells was established by hanging-drop technique for evaluation of liver function. The 3D liver model was used to test the hepatotoxicity of isoniazid and amiodarone hydrochloride compared to the 2D cell culture model. Our results showed that HepaRG cells formed a compact spheriod, and the level of cell albumin, urea and the CYP3A4 activity were significantly higher than that of 2D model. With the treatment of amiodarone hydrochloride in 2D and 3D model, the IC50 were 50 and 100 μmol·L-1, respectively. When the dose was less than 1 000 μmol·L-1, isoniazid had no hepatocyte toxicity in 2D model, while the IC50 in 3D model was 700 μmol·L-1. The LDH activities of both drugs in 3D model showed time-and dose-dependent correlation. The results suggest that this in vitro 3D hanging-drop liver model is good for testing liver functions with a high hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity. Compared with the 2D model, the 3D liver model can accurately evaluate the liver toxicity of drugs. Our results demonstrated the importance of in vitro cell culture models for detection of in vivo-relevant adverse effects of drugs.
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OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the correlation between the albumin-to-creatinine ratio in the urine and 24-hour urine proteinuria and whether the ratio can predict chronic kidney disease progression even more reliably than 24-hour proteinuria can, particularly in primary IgA nephropathy. METHODS: A total of 182 patients with primary IgA nephropathy were evaluated. Their mean urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and 24-hour proteinuria were determined during hospitalization. Blood samples were also analyzed. Follow-up data were recorded for 44 patients. A cross-sectional study was then conducted to test the correlation between these parameters and their associations with chronic kidney disease complications. Subsequently, a canonical correlation analysis was employed to assess the correlation between baseline proteinuria and parameters of the Oxford classification. Finally, a prospective observational study was performed to evaluate the association between proteinuria and clinical outcomes. Our study is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, and the registration number is ChiCTR-OCH-14005137. RESULTS: A strong correlation (r=0.81, p<0.001) was found between the ratio and 24-hour proteinuria except in chronic kidney disease stage 5. First-morning urine albumin-to-creatinine ratios of ≥125.15, 154.44 and 760.31 mg/g reliably predicted equivalent 24-hour proteinuria ‘thresholds’ of ≥0.15, 0.3 and 1.0 g/24 h, respectively. In continuous analyses, the albumin-to-creatinine ratio was significantly associated with anemia, acidosis, hypoalbuminemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, hypercholesterolemia and higher serum cystatin C. However, higher 24-hour proteinuria was only associated with hypoalbuminemia and hypercholesterolemia. Higher tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis scores were also associated with a greater albumin-to-creatinine ratio, as observed in the canonical correlation analysis. Finally, the albumin-to-creatinine ratio and 24-hour proteinuria were associated with renal outcomes in univariate analyses. CONCLUSION: This study supports the recommendation of using the albumin-to-creatinine ratio, rather than 24-hour proteinuria, to monitor proteinuria and prognosis in primary IgA nephropathy.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Creatinine/urine , Albuminuria/urine , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/urine , Glomerulonephritis, IGA/urine , Proteinuria/urine , Time Factors , Biomarkers/urine , China , Cross-Sectional Studies , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Disease Progression , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/classificationABSTRACT
A simple and high throughput method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of valproic acid and its two toxicant ene-metabolites, 2-enevalproic acid and 4-enevalproic acid in epilepsy patient plasma using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Probenecid was used as in-ternal standard and solid-phase extraction was selected for sample preparation. A chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent Poroshell SB-C18 column (50 mm ? 4.6 mm i.d., 2.7μm) by an optimized gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. The total run time was 7 min. Electrospray ionization was used in negative ion mode by multiple reaction monitoring of the precursor-to-product ion transitions at m/z 143.0-143.0 for valproic acid, m/z 140.9-140.9 for 2-enevalproic acid and 4-enevalproic acid for their poor fragments, and m/z 283.9-239.9 for probenecid. The results showed good linearity of valproic acid, 2-enevalproic acid and 4-enevalproic acid in their respective linear ranges. The correlation coefficients were more than 0.998. The intra- and inter-day precision of the assay was less than 11.0%and the accuracy ranged from 2%to 12%. This analytical method was successfully applied to assay plasma concentrations of valproic acid and its two ene-metabolites in epilepsy patient plasma and used for therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Objective To investigate the effect of maternal limb ischemic preconditioning on the expression of caspase-3 in neurons in brain tissues after reoxygenation in the fetal rats with intrauterine distress.Methods Forty Sprague-Dawley rats at 19 days of gestation were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),limb ischemic preconditioning group (group LIP),fetal rat distress group (group FD),and limb ischemic preconditioning + fetal rat distress group (group LIP+FD).Distress/reoxygenation model was established by clamping the uterine and ovarian arteries and veins with a micro-artery clamp for 15 min followed by removal of the clamp to permit reperfusion.Limb ischemic preconditioning was induced by 3 cycles of occlusion of the lower limb blood flow at the site of the right groin for 5 min with a tourniquet followed by 5 min unclamping.In group LIP+ FD,the uterine and ovarian arteries and veins were clamped,and limb ischemic preconditioning was performed at the same time.Cesarean section was performed on 2 days after the end of treatments in each group,and the fetal rat mortality rate was calculated.The fetal rats alive were sacrificed,and the hippocampi were isolated for determination of neuronal apoptosis (by TUNEL) and expression of caspase-3 protein and mRNA (by Western blot and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction,respectively) in hippocampal CA1 region.Apoptosis index was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the fetal rat mortality rate and apoptosis index were significantly increased,and the expression of caspase-3 protein and mRNA in hippocampal CA1 region was significantly up-regulated in FD and LIP+FD groups (P＜0.05 or 0.0l),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group LIP (P＞0.05).Compared with group FD,the fetal rat mortality rate and apoptosis index were significantly decreascd,and the expression of caspase-3 protein and mRNA iu hippocampal CA1 region was significantly down-regulated in group LIP+FD (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion The mechanism by which maternal limb ischemic preconditioning inhibits apoptosis in neurons after reoxygenation is related to down-regulation of the expression of caspase-3 in the fetal rats with intrauterine distress.
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Up to now,one transketolase (TKT) and two transketolase-like genes (TKTL1 and TKTL2) have been identified in the human genome.People have conducted a series of basic and clinical researches of TKTL1 in malignant neoplasms since Coy found TKTL1 has a high expression of protein and gene levels in the malignant tumors in 2005.Although the biochemical and functional mechanism have not been clarified clearly,a positive role of TKTL1 in promoting tumorigenesis and tumor progression has been proved.
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[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effects of maternal limb ischemic preconditioning ( LIP) on the mitochon-drial structures and functions of the hippocampal neurons induced by reoxygenation in the intrauterine distress fetal rats. METHODS:Pregnant rats (n=40) were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham (S) group, LIP group, fetal distress ( FD) group and LIP+FD group.Intrauterine ischemia model was established through the experimental design.The ultra-structure of the mitochondria in CA1 area of the hippocampus was observed .The mitochondrial membrane potential and re-active oxygen species ( ROS) were measured .The content of ATP and MDA in the hippocampus tissue was detected.The activity of Mn-SOD was observed.RESULTS:Compared with sham group, the ultrastructure of mitochondria in CA1 area of the hippocampus was damaged in FD group and LIP+FD group.The mitochondrial membrane potential, the content of ATP and the activity of Mn-SOD were decreased.However, the content of ROS and MDA was increased.Compared with FD group, the ultrastructure of mitochondria in CA1 area of the hippocampus was intact in LIP+FD group.Furthermore, the reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content were inhibited.The activity of Mn-SOD was increased, but the content of ROS and MDA was decreased in LIP+FD group.CONCLUSION:Limb ischemia preconditioning inhibits the damage the mitochondria of fetal hippocampal neurons induced by reoxygenation in the intrauterine distress fetal rats.